What is Direction Sense?

Direction Sense is an important scoring topic in the IBPS PO Reasoning section. Typically, 3 to 5 questions are asked from this topic in Prelims and Mains exams. These questions test your ability to track directions and calculate distances between points.

In direction sense questions, you are given a series of movements (e.g., "A walks 10 km North, then 5 km East, then 3 km South...") and you need to find the final position, direction, or shortest distance from the starting point.

Why this topic matters: Direction sense questions are highly scoring and can be solved quickly using the Pythagoras theorem and basic direction knowledge. With practice, you can solve 4-5 questions in under 3 minutes.

Basic Directions and Their Angles

There are four cardinal directions: North (N), South (S), East (E), West (W). There are also four intercardinal directions: North-East (NE), North-West (NW), South-East (SE), South-West (SW).

N
S
W
E
NW
NE
SW
SE
Direction ChangeAngle
North to East90° clockwise
North to West90° anticlockwise
North to South180°
East to North90° anticlockwise
East to South90° clockwise

Types of Direction Sense Questions

  • Final Direction Only: Find the direction of the final point from the starting point.
  • Distance Calculation: Find the shortest distance between start and end point using Pythagoras theorem.
  • Shadow Based Problems: Determine direction based on shadow position (sunrise/sunset).
  • Turn Based Problems: Find direction after series of left/right turns.
  • Missing Distance/Address: Find unknown distance given start and end points.

Shortcut Tricks for Direction Sense

Trick 1: Always Draw a Diagram

Draw a rough diagram for every question. Mark starting point as a dot and draw arrows for each movement.

Trick 2: Use Pythagoras Theorem for Distance

If final displacement forms a right triangle, shortest distance = √(horizontal² + vertical²).

Trick 3: Remember Shadow Rules

Morning (Sunrise) - Sun is in East, shadow towards West. Evening (Sunset) - Sun is in West, shadow towards East. Noon - Sun overhead, no shadow.

Trick 4: Left/Right Turns

If facing North: Left turn = West, Right turn = East. If facing East: Left turn = North, Right turn = South. And so on.

Trick 5: Net Displacement

North-South movements cancel each other. East-West movements cancel each other. Calculate net movement in each axis.

Solved Example 1: Final Direction

Question:

A person starts from point A, walks 10 km towards North, then turns right and walks 5 km, then turns right again and walks 10 km. In which direction is he from the starting point?

Solution:

Step 1: Start at A, go North 10 km.
Step 2: Turn right (from North, right = East) → go East 5 km.
Step 3: Turn right (from East, right = South) → go South 10 km.
Step 4: Net movement: North 10 km + South 10 km = 0 km vertically. East 5 km.
Final position: 5 km East of starting point.
Answer: The person is in the East direction from the starting point.

Solved Example 2: Shortest Distance

Question:

A man walks 6 km South, then turns left and walks 8 km, then turns left and walks 6 km, then turns left and walks 10 km. Find the shortest distance from the starting point.

Solution:

Step 1 - Draw path:
Start → South 6 km → Turn left (South to East) → East 8 km → Turn left (East to North) → North 6 km → Turn left (North to West) → West 10 km
Step 2 - Net movement:
North-South: South 6 km + North 6 km = 0 km
East-West: East 8 km + West 10 km = West 2 km (net 2 km West)
Step 3 - Shortest distance: The final point is 2 km West of start. Distance = 2 km.
Answer: The shortest distance is 2 km.

Solved Example 3: Shadow Based Problem

Question:

One morning, a man was walking towards the sun. After walking some distance, he turned left, then turned right, then turned right again. In which direction is he facing now?

Solution:

Step 1: Morning sun rises in the East. So he was walking towards East.
Step 2: Turn left from East = North.
Step 3: Turn right from North = East.
Step 4: Turn right from East = South.
Answer: He is facing South.

Solved Example 4: Shadow Direction

Question:

At 9:00 AM, a person's shadow is falling towards his left. In which direction is he facing?

Solution:

Step 1: At 9:00 AM (morning), sun is in the East. Shadow falls towards West.
Step 2: Shadow is falling towards his left. So his left side is West.
Step 3: If left is West, then he is facing South (because when facing South, left is East? Wait, let's think carefully: Facing North → Left = West. Facing South → Left = East. Facing East → Left = North. Facing West → Left = South.
We need left = West. That happens when facing North.
Answer: He is facing North.

Practice Questions for Self-Assessment

Practice Question 1:

Rohan walks 15 m East, then turns right and walks 20 m, then turns right and walks 15 m, then turns left and walks 10 m. Find his distance and direction from starting point.

Practice Question 2 (Distance):

A person goes 12 km North, then 5 km East, then 12 km South. Find the shortest distance from starting point.

Practice Question 3 (Shadow):

At sunset, a person's shadow is falling towards his right. In which direction is he facing?

Answers: Q1: 10 m South | Q2: 5 km | Q3: South

Frequently Asked Questions about Direction Sense

Q1: How many questions come from Direction Sense in IBPS PO?
Typically, 3 to 5 questions are asked from Direction Sense in Prelims and sometimes in Mains.
Q2: What is the best way to solve direction sense questions?
Always draw a rough diagram. Mark North direction at the top. Track net displacement in North-South and East-West directions separately.
Q3: How to calculate shortest distance?
Use Pythagoras theorem: √(Net North-South distance² + Net East-West distance²).
Q4: What is the shadow rule?
Sunrise (morning): Sun in East, shadow in West. Sunset (evening): Sun in West, shadow in East. Noon: No shadow.
Q5: How to remember left/right turns?
Facing North → Left = West, Right = East. Facing East → Left = North, Right = South. Facing South → Left = East, Right = West. Facing West → Left = South, Right = North.
Q6: What are intercardinal directions?
North-East (NE), North-West (NW), South-East (SE), South-West (SW). They are at 45° angles between cardinal directions.