SSC CGL Science & Technology
Master Science & Technology for SSC CGL with comprehensive guides for Physics, Chemistry, Biology fundamentals and recent technological developments. Build strong scientific knowledge for the General Awareness section.
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Physics Fundamentals
Essential physics concepts, laws, and principles frequently asked in SSC CGL examinations.
Mechanics
Key concepts and laws:
- Newton's Laws of Motion
- Work, Energy, and Power
- Gravitation and Kepler's Laws
- Elasticity and Surface Tension
- Fluid Mechanics
- Simple Harmonic Motion
Thermodynamics
Heat and temperature concepts:
- Laws of Thermodynamics
- Heat Transfer Methods
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Thermal Expansion
- Refrigeration Principles
- Carnot Engine
Modern Physics
Contemporary physics topics:
- Quantum Theory Basics
- Nuclear Physics
- Radioactivity and Half-life
- Semiconductor Physics
- LASER and MASER
- Superconductivity
Important Physics Formulas
Newton's Second Law: F = ma
Work Done: W = F × d × cosθ
Kinetic Energy: KE = ½ mv²
Ohm's Law: V = IR
Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Chemistry Concepts
Fundamental chemistry principles, elements, compounds, and chemical reactions.
Periodic Table & Elements
| Element Group | Properties | Common Elements |
|---|---|---|
| Alkali Metals | Highly reactive, soft metals | Lithium, Sodium, Potassium |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Reactive, harder than alkali metals | Magnesium, Calcium, Barium |
| Halogens | Highly reactive non-metals | Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine |
| Noble Gases | Inert, non-reactive | Helium, Neon, Argon |
| Transition Metals | Variable valency, colored compounds | Iron, Copper, Zinc, Silver |
Common Chemical Compounds & Uses
NaCl
Common Salt
Food preservation
H₂O
Water
Universal solvent
CO₂
Carbon Dioxide
Photosynthesis
CH₄
Methane
Natural gas
NH₃
Ammonia
Fertilizers
H₂SO₄
Sulfuric Acid
Industrial chemical
Biology Fundamentals
Essential biological concepts covering human body, plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Human Physiology
Major body systems:
- Digestive System & Nutrition
- Respiratory System & Gaseous Exchange
- Circulatory System & Blood Components
- Nervous System & Brain Functions
- Endocrine System & Hormones
- Excretory System & Kidney Functions
Plant Biology
Plant structure and functions:
- Photosynthesis Process
- Plant Hormones and Growth
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Reproduction
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
Genetics & Evolution
Heredity and development:
- Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
- DNA Structure and Replication
- RNA and Protein Synthesis
- Genetic Disorders
- Theory of Evolution
- Human Evolution
Human Digestive System Enzymes
| Enzyme | Source | Substrate | Product |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amylase | Salivary glands | Starch | Maltose |
| Pepsin | Stomach | Proteins | Peptides |
| Lipase | Pancreas | Fats | Fatty acids + Glycerol |
| Trypsin | Pancreas | Proteins | Peptides + Amino acids |
Recent Technological Developments
Latest advancements in technology, computing, and digital innovations.
Emerging Technologies NEW
Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Applications: Natural language processing, computer vision, predictive analytics, autonomous systems
Recent Developments: GPT models, AI in healthcare diagnostics, autonomous vehicles, smart assistants
Blockchain Technology
Applications: Cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, supply chain management, digital identity
Recent Developments: CBDCs (Central Bank Digital Currencies), NFT markets, DeFi platforms
Internet of Things (IoT)
Applications: Smart homes, industrial automation, connected healthcare, smart cities
Recent Developments: 5G integration, edge computing, AI-powered IoT devices
Digital India Initiatives
Key Digital India Projects:
- Aadhaar: World's largest biometric ID system
- UPI: Unified Payments Interface for digital payments
- DigiLocker: Digital document storage platform
- BHIM: Bharat Interface for Money mobile app
- COWIN: COVID-19 vaccine registration portal
- e-Hospital: Online healthcare services platform
Space Science & ISRO
Space exploration, satellite technology, and Indian Space Research Organisation achievements.
ISRO Milestones
Major achievements:
- Aryabhata (1975): First Indian satellite
- SLV-3 (1980): First indigenous launch vehicle
- PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
- Chandrayaan-1 (2008): First lunar mission
- Mangalyaan (2013): Mars Orbiter Mission
- Chandrayaan-3 (2023): Lunar landing mission
Satellite Technology
Types of satellites:
- Communication Satellites (GSAT series)
- Earth Observation Satellites (IRS series)
- Navigation Satellites (IRNSS/NavIC)
- Weather Satellites (INSAT series)
- Scientific Satellites (Astrosat)
- Student Satellites
Space Exploration
Recent missions:
- Gaganyaan: Human spaceflight program
- Aditya-L1: Solar mission
- NISAR: NASA-ISRO collaboration
- Shukrayaan: Venus mission
- Space Station planning
- Reusable launch vehicle
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Free Science & Technology Guide
Download our free SSC CGL Science & Technology PDF with comprehensive notes, important concepts, formulas, and recent developments.
Download Science GuideFrequently Asked Questions
Q1: How to remember all the scientific laws and formulas?
Answer: Create flashcards for important formulas, understand the concepts behind laws rather than rote memorization, practice numerical problems, and use mnemonics for complex sequences. Regular revision is key.
Q2: Which science topics are most important for SSC CGL?
Answer: Focus on basic concepts from NCERT books (9th-10th standard), human physiology, common chemical compounds, physics laws applicable in daily life, and recent technological developments related to India.
Q3: How to stay updated with recent technological developments?
Answer: Follow ISRO updates, read technology sections in newspapers, subscribe to science magazines, follow government initiatives like Digital India, and practice questions from recent developments.
Q4: What's the weightage of science and technology in SSC CGL?
Answer: Science and technology typically carry 8-12 questions in General Awareness section. Combined with current science developments, it forms a significant scoring area.
Q5: Are questions asked from advanced science topics?
Answer: Generally, questions are basic and conceptual. Focus on fundamental principles from NCERT textbooks rather than advanced topics. Recent developments are asked from current affairs perspective.
Q6: How to approach biology questions in SSC CGL?
Answer: Focus on human body systems, common diseases and their causes, basic genetics, plant physiology, and environmental science. Diagrams and processes are frequently asked.
Final Science & Technology Strategy
- NCERT Foundation: Build strong base with NCERT science books Current Updates: Stay updated with recent scientific developments
- Conceptual Understanding: Focus on understanding rather than memorization
- Regular Practice: Solve MCQs and previous year questions
- Visual Learning: Use diagrams and flowcharts for biological processes
- Integration: Connect scientific concepts with daily life applications
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