What are Clock, Calendar, Mirror & Water Images? These are reasoning questions that test your understanding of time, dates, and spatial visualization. Clock problems involve angles and time calculations, calendar questions test day-date relationships, while mirror/water images test visual reasoning.

3
6
9
12

Clock showing 4:00:00 - What's the angle between hands?

Mirror Image

AMBULANCE

Laterally inverted
Left ↔ Right

Water Image

AMBULANCE

Vertically inverted
Top ↔ Bottom

Difference between Mirror and Water Images - AMBULANCE is actually written for mirror reading!

Pro Tip – The 3-Second Rule for Clock Angles!

Formula: |30H - 5.5M| = Angle between hands
Where H = hour, M = minute
Example: At 4:30, angle = |30×4 - 5.5×30| = |120 - 165| = 45°
Visit SKY Practice for 300+ Clock, Calendar, Mirror & Water Image questions with instant checking.

1. Clock Reasoning Basics

Understanding Clock Mechanics: A clock has hour, minute, and second hands moving at different speeds. The relative speeds create interesting angle problems.

Clock Fundamentals

Clock Components & Speeds

A clock has 12 hours, 60 minutes, 60 seconds. Each hand moves at different angular speeds creating angle problems.

Hour Hand Movement

Speed: 30° per hour
Per minute: 0.5° per minute
Complete rotation: 360° in 12 hours
Relation: 1 hour = 30°

Example: From 12 to 3 = 3 hours = 90°

Minute Hand Movement

Speed: 360° per hour
Per minute: 6° per minute
Complete rotation: 360° in 60 minutes
Relation: 1 minute = 6°

Example: 15 minutes = 15×6 = 90°

Relative Speed

Relative speed: 5.5° per minute
Calculation: (6° - 0.5°) = 5.5° per minute
Meeting times: Every 65⁵⁄₁₁ minutes
Logic: Minute hand gains 5.5° on hour hand each minute

Key: This 5.5° is crucial for all clock problems

Angle Formula

Angle between hands:
θ = |30H - 5.5M|
Where H = hour, M = minute

Alternative:
θ = |(60H - 11M)/2|

Example: 3:20
θ = |30×3 - 5.5×20|
= |90 - 110| = 20°

SSC Shortcut: Clock Angle Quick Calculation

For exact hours (XX:00): Angle = 30 × hour (if ≤6) or 360 - (30×hour) (if >6)

For XX:30: Angle = |30×hour - 165| (since 5.5×30 = 165)

For any time: Use formula |30H - 5.5M|, round if needed

Remember: Angle is always ≤180° (take smaller angle)

Check: If answer >180, subtract from 360

Practice: 2:20 = |60 - 110| = 50°, 8:40 = |240 - 220| = 20°

Solved Example: Basic Clock Angle

Q: Find the angle between the hour and minute hands at 7:20.
Method 1: Using formula
θ = |30H - 5.5M|
Here H = 7, M = 20
θ = |30×7 - 5.5×20|
= |210 - 110|
= 100°

Method 2: Step by step
Step 1: Position of hour hand at 7:00
At 7:00 exactly, hour hand at 7×30 = 210° from 12 (or 150° from 12 in other direction)
But easier: Each hour = 30°, so 7 hours = 210° from 12

Step 2: Movement of hour hand in 20 minutes
Hour hand moves 0.5° per minute
In 20 minutes, moves 20×0.5 = 10°
So at 7:20, hour hand at 210° + 10° = 220° from 12

Step 3: Position of minute hand at 20 minutes
Minute hand at 20 minutes = 20×6 = 120° from 12

Step 4: Angle difference
Difference = |220° - 120°| = 100°

Step 5: Check if >180°
100° < 180°, so answer is 100°

Step 6: Verify with common sense
At 7:20, minute hand at 4 (120°), hour hand slightly past 7
Between 4 and 7 is 3 hours = 90°, plus hour hand moved past 7
Hour hand moved 10° past 7 (since 20 min = ⅓ hour)
So angle = 90° + 10° = 100° ✓

Final Answer: 100°

2. Clock Angle Problems & Tricks

Advanced Clock Problems: These include when hands coincide, are perpendicular, are in straight line, or reflect/time gain-loss problems.

Special Clock Positions

When Clock Hands Meet Specific Angles

Hands coincide (0°), are perpendicular (90°), are in straight line (180°), or at other specific angles at particular times.

Clock Problem Frequency in SSC CGL

Angle between hands 95%
Time when hands coincide 80%
Time when perpendicular 75%
Time when in straight line 70%
Mirror/water image of time 60%
Defective clock problems 50%

Hands Coincide (0°)

Frequency: Every 65⁵⁄₁₁ minutes
Formula: Minutes past H = (60H)/11
First time: After 12:00, at 12:00 exactly
Next: 1:05⁵⁄₁₁, 2:10¹⁰⁄₁₁, 3:16⁴⁄₁₁, etc.

Derivation:
0 = |30H - 5.5M|
⇒ 30H = 5.5M
⇒ M = (30H)/5.5 = (60H)/11

Hands Perpendicular (90°)

Two cases: 90° and 270° (same as 90°)
Formula: M = (60H ± 180)/11
First time after 12: 12:16⁴⁄₁₁ and 12:49¹⁄₁₁
Logic: 30H - 5.5M = ±90

Example: 3:00 to 3:30
First 90° at 3:00 exactly? No, that's 90° but minute at 12
Actually at 3:00, angle = 90° ✓
Next after 3:00: M = (60×3 - 180)/11 = 0 (that's 3:00)
Or (60×3 + 180)/11 = 360/11 = 32⁸⁄₁₁

Straight Line (180°)

Opposite direction: Exactly 180° apart
Formula: M = (60H - 360)/11
Actually: 30H - 5.5M = ±180
So M = (30H ± 180)/5.5 = (60H ± 360)/11

Example: Between 5 and 6
M = (60×5 - 360)/11 = (300-360)/11 = -60/11 (not valid)
M = (60×5 + 360)/11 = 660/11 = 60 (that's 6:00)
So between 5 and 6, no exact opposite?
Actually at 6:00 exactly, hands are opposite ✓

Mirror/Water Time

Mirror time: 11:60 - given time
Water time: 18:30 - given time (or 6:30 PM)
Example: Mirror of 4:20
11:60 - 4:20 = 7:40
Check: Look at clock in mirror at 4:20, you'll see 7:40

Water time: Less common
18:30 - 4:20 = 14:10 = 2:10 PM

1 Defective Clock Problems

Fast/Slow clocks:
• Fast clock gains time
• Slow clock loses time
• Real time calculation needed

Formula:
Real time interval = (Fast clock time × 60) / (60 + gain per hour)
Or = (Slow clock time × 60) / (60 - loss per hour)

Example: Clock gains 5 min per hour
Shows 12 noon after running from correct time at 6 AM
Real time = (6 × 60) / (60 + 5) × 60? Wait...
Actually: In 60 min real, clock shows 65 min
So when clock shows 6 hours (360 min),
Real time = (360 × 60) / 65 = 332.3 min = 5 hr 32.3 min
So real time = 11:32 AM, not 12 noon

2 Meeting Times Formula

Hands coincide:
First time after T: M = (60 × H)/11 minutes past T

Hands are perpendicular:
M = (60H ± 180)/11

Hands are in straight line:
M = (60H ± 360)/11

At any angle θ:
M = (60H ± 2θ)/11
(Derived from 30H - 5.5M = ±θ)

Remember: Use + for one position, - for other (two times per angle usually)

Solved Example: Hands Coincide Problem

Q: At what time between 7 and 8 will the hour and minute hands coincide?
Method 1: Using formula
Minutes past H = (60H)/11
Here H = 7
M = (60 × 7)/11 = 420/11 = 38²⁄₁₁ minutes
So time = 7:38²⁄₁₁ (7:38 and 2/11 minutes)

Method 2: Using relative speed
Step 1: At 7:00, hour hand at 210°, minute hand at 0°
Angle difference = 210°

Step 2: Relative speed = 5.5° per minute
Minute hand needs to cover 210° more than hour hand
Time = Distance/Speed = 210°/5.5° per minute
= 210/5.5 = 420/11 = 38²⁄₁₁ minutes

Step 3: Add to 7:00
7:00 + 38²⁄₁₁ minutes = 7:38²⁄₁₁

Method 3: Verification
At 7:38, minute hand at 38×6 = 228°
Hour hand at 210° + 38×0.5 = 210° + 19° = 229°
Close but not exactly (1° difference)
At exact time 7:38²⁄₁₁:
Minute: (38²⁄₁₁)×6 = (420/11)×6 = 2520/11 = 229¹⁄₁₁°
Hour: 210 + (420/11)×0.5 = 210 + 210/11 = 210 + 19¹⁄₁₁ = 229¹⁄₁₁°
Perfect match!

Final Answer: 7:38²⁄₁₁ (7 hours 38 and 2/11 minutes)

Solved Example: Mirror Time Problem

Q: If a clock shows 8:20 in a mirror, what is the actual time?
Method 1: Using formula
Mirror time formula: Actual time = 11:60 - Mirror time
Here mirror time = 8:20
Convert to minutes: 8:20 = 8×60 + 20 = 500 minutes
11:60 = 11×60 + 60 = 720 minutes
Difference = 720 - 500 = 220 minutes
220 minutes = 3 hours 40 minutes = 3:40
So actual time = 3:40

Method 2: Logical reasoning
Step 1: Mirror inverts left and right
In mirror, 12 becomes 12, 6 becomes 6, but 3 becomes 9, 9 becomes 3
So mirror image of time is like seeing from behind

Step 2: Quick trick: Subtract from 11:60
11:60 - 8:20 = (11-8):(60-20) = 3:40
But careful: 60-20=40 ✓

Step 3: Verify by imagining
Imagine clock showing 3:40
Hour hand between 3 and 4, closer to 4 (since 40 min)
Minute hand at 8 (40 min = 8 positions)
In mirror, 3:40 becomes:
Hour hand between 8 and 9 (mirror of between 3 and 4)
Minute hand at 4 (mirror of 8)
That's 8:20 ✓

Method 4: Alternative formula
Actual time = (23:60 - Mirror time) mod 12
23:60 = 23×60 + 60 = 1440 minutes
Mirror time = 500 minutes
Difference = 1440 - 500 = 940 minutes
940 mod 720 (12 hours) = 220 minutes = 3:40
(Same result)

Final Answer: 3:40

3. Calendar Reasoning Basics

Calendar Problems: Finding day of week for given date, calculating number of odd days, leap year calculations, and date patterns.

Calendar Fundamentals

Understanding Calendar Structure

Year has 365 days (366 in leap year). Week has 7 days. Odd days are extra days beyond complete weeks.

Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Sample calendar showing odd days concept

Odd Days Concept

Definition: Days beyond complete weeks
Example: 10 days = 1 week + 3 days → 3 odd days
Calculation: Divide days by 7, remainder = odd days

Key values:
• 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day → 1 odd day
• 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 days → 2 odd days
• 100 years = 76 ordinary + 24 leap = 124 odd days
(124 mod 7 = 5 odd days)

Leap Year Rules

Rule 1: Divisible by 4 → Leap year
Rule 2: Divisible by 100 → Not leap year
Rule 3: Divisible by 400 → Leap year

Examples:
• 2000: Div by 400 → Leap ✓
• 1900: Div by 100 but not 400 → Not leap
• 2024: Div by 4 → Leap ✓
• 2100: Div by 100 but not 400 → Not leap

Century years: Only if divisible by 400

Odd Days for Periods

1 ordinary year: 1 odd day
1 leap year: 2 odd days
100 years: 5 odd days
200 years: 3 odd days (5+5=10 mod7=3)
300 years: 1 odd day (5+5+5=15 mod7=1)
400 years: 0 odd days (5×4=20 mod7=6? Wait)
Actually 400 years = 303 ordinary + 97 leap
Odd days = 303×1 + 97×2 = 303+194=497
497 mod7 = 497÷7=71 rem0 → 0 odd days ✓

Day Codes (Important!)

Sunday: 0 or 7
Monday: 1
Tuesday: 2
Wednesday: 3
Thursday: 4
Friday: 5
Saturday: 6

Month codes:
Jan: 0 (1 in leap), Feb: 3 (4), Mar: 3,
Apr: 6, May: 1, Jun: 4, Jul: 6,
Aug: 2, Sep: 5, Oct: 0, Nov: 3, Dec: 5

SSC Shortcut: Century Anchor Days

1700-1799: Friday anchor (5)

1800-1899: Wednesday anchor (3)

1900-1999: Tuesday anchor (2)

2000-2099: Sunday anchor (0)

2100-2199: Friday anchor (5)

Pattern: -2 days per century (400 year cycle)

Use: Find day for any date quickly using anchor day + doomsday rule

Solved Example: Basic Calendar Problem

Q: What was the day on 15 August 1947?
Method 1: Using odd days
Step 1: Years before 1947
1600-1699: 100 years → 5 odd days
1700-1799: 100 years → 5 odd days
1800-1899: 100 years → 5 odd days
1900-1946: 47 years

Step 2: Calculate 1900-1946
1900-1900: 1 year (1900 not leap)
1901-1946: 46 years
Leap years in 1901-1946:
1904,1908,1912,1916,1920,1924,1928,1932,1936,1940,1944
That's 11 leap years
Ordinary years = 46 - 11 = 35
Odd days = 35×1 + 11×2 = 35 + 22 = 57
57 mod7 = 57÷7=8 rem1 → 1 odd day

Step 3: Add century odd days
1600-1699: 5
1700-1799: 5
1800-1899: 5
Total centuries = 5+5+5=15 → 15 mod7=1
Plus 1900-1946 = 1 odd day
Total so far = 1+1=2 odd days

Step 4: Days in 1947 till Aug 15
Jan: 31, Feb: 28 (1947 not leap), Mar:31, Apr:30, May:31, Jun:30, Jul:31, Aug:15
Total = 31+28+31+30+31+30+31+15 = 227 days
Odd days = 227 mod7 = 227÷7=32 rem3 → 3 odd days

Step 5: Total odd days
Centuries: 2
1947 days: 3
Total = 2+3=5 odd days

Step 6: Convert to day
0=Sun,1=Mon,2=Tue,3=Wed,4=Thu,5=Fri,6=Sat
5 odd days = Friday

Method 2: Using anchor day (faster)
Step 1: 1900-1999 anchor = Tuesday (2)
Step 2: Years from 1900 to 1947 = 47 years
Leap years = 11 (as above)
Ordinary = 36
Total odd days = 36×1 + 11×2 = 36+22=58
58 mod7 = 58÷7=8 rem2 → 2 odd days

Step 3: Days till Aug 15 = 227 (as above)
227 mod7 = 3 odd days

Step 4: Total = Anchor(2) + years(2) + days(3) = 7
7 mod7 = 0 = Sunday? Wait that gives Sunday, but we know it's Friday
Let's recalculate...

Actually simpler method:
Use formula: Day = (Date + Month code + Year code + Century code) mod7
For 15 Aug 1947:
Date = 15
Month code for Aug = 2
Year code for 47 = (47 + ⌊47/4⌋) mod7 = (47+11) mod7 = 58 mod7 = 2
Century code for 1900s = 0
Total = 15+2+2+0=19
19 mod7 = 19÷7=2 rem5 → 5 = Friday ✓

Historical fact: 15 Aug 1947 was indeed Friday

Final Answer: Friday

4. Day Calculation Techniques

Advanced Calendar Problems: Finding repeated calendar years, calculating days between dates, and solving complex day-of-week problems.

Advanced Day Calculations

Calendar Repetition Patterns

Calendars repeat after certain years. Ordinary years repeat after 6, 11, or 28 years. Leap years repeat after 28 years.

Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6

Day codes for calculations

1 Calendar Repetition Rules

Ordinary year: After 6 years (if no leap year in between)
Example: 2001 same as 2007 (both ordinary)

Leap year: After 28 years (if within same century pattern)
Example: 2000 same as 2028 (both leap)

General rule: Add odd days = 0
• After 11 years: 11 ordinary years = 11 odd days, but leap years change
• After 28 years: Complete cycle for 1901-2099 period
• After 400 years: Exact repetition (0 odd days)

Check: 2001 calendar = 2007, 2018, 2029 (11 year gaps with adjustment)

2 Zeller's Congruence (Fast Formula)

Formula: h = (q + ⌊(13(m+1))/5⌋ + K + ⌊K/4⌋ + ⌊J/4⌋ - 2J) mod7
Where:
• h = day of week (0=Sat,1=Sun,...,6=Fri)
• q = day of month
• m = month (3=Mar,...,12=Dec,13=Jan,14=Feb)
• K = year of century (YY)
• J = zero-based century (⌊year/100⌋)

Example: 15 Aug 1947
q=15, m=6 (Aug=8 → 8+12=20? Wait formula uses 3=Mar,...)
Actually: Jan=13,Feb=14,Mar=3,Apr=4,...,Dec=12
So Aug=8 (already correct 3-12 for Mar-Dec)
K=47, J=19
h = (15 + ⌊13×9/5⌋ + 47 + ⌊47/4⌋ + ⌊19/4⌋ - 2×19) mod7
= (15 + ⌊117/5⌋ + 47 + 11 + 4 - 38) mod7
= (15 + 23 + 47 + 11 + 4 - 38) mod7
= (62) mod7 = 62÷7=8 rem6 → 6 = Friday ✓

Note: Complex but reliable for any date

Solved Example: Days Between Dates

Q: How many days are there from 15 March 2023 to 15 August 2023?
Method 1: Month by month
March: 31 days, from 15th to 31st = 16 days (31-15=16)
April: 30 days
May: 31 days
June: 30 days
July: 31 days
August: up to 15th = 15 days
Total = 16 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15
= 16 + 30 = 46
46 + 31 = 77
77 + 30 = 107
107 + 31 = 138
138 + 15 = 153 days

Method 2: Using day numbers
Day number of Aug 15 = 227th day (as calculated earlier)
Day number of Mar 15 in non-leap year:
Jan:31 + Feb:28 = 59, plus 15 = 74th day
Difference = 227 - 74 = 153 days ✓

Method 3: Quick calculation
Mar 15 to Apr 15 = 31 days (March has 31)
Apr 15 to May 15 = 30 days
May 15 to Jun 15 = 31 days
Jun 15 to Jul 15 = 30 days
Jul 15 to Aug 15 = 31 days
But careful: From Mar 15 to Apr 15 is actually:
Mar 15-31: 16 days + Apr 1-15: 15 days = 31 days ✓
Similarly others
Total = 31+30+31+30+31 = 153 days

Verification:
Count on calendar: March has 16 days left
April full = 30
May full = 31
June full = 30
July full = 31
August 1-15 = 15
16+30=46, +31=77, +30=107, +31=138, +15=153 ✓

Final Answer: 153 days

5. Mirror Images

Mirror Image Reasoning: Objects appear laterally inverted (left-right reversed) in mirror. Alphabet, numbers, clock times in mirror.

Mirror Image Rules

Understanding Mirror Reflection

Mirror creates lateral inversion - left becomes right, right becomes left. Top and bottom remain same. Some letters appear same in mirror.

A → A
B →
C →
D →
E →
F →
G →
H → H
I → I
J →
K →
L →
M → M
N →
O → O
P →
Q →
R →
S →
T → T
U → U
V → V
W → W
X → X
Y → Y
Z →
1 → 1
2 →
3 → E
8 → 8

Alphabet mirror images - some symmetrical, some change completely

Type Mirror Image Rule Example
Symmetrical Letters Same Vertical symmetry A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y
Laterally Inverted Changed Left-right reversed B→, C→, D→, E→, F→, etc.
Numbers Some same 0,1,3,8 same (approx) 2→, 5→, 6→9, 7→
Clock Times 11:60 - time Subtract from 11:60 4:20 → 7:40

SSC Shortcut: Mirror Image Quick Method

For alphabets: Imagine vertical line in middle, check symmetry

For words: Write backwards and check each letter's mirror form

For clock: Use formula: Mirror time = 11:60 - Actual time

For numbers: 0,1,3,8 remain same; 6 becomes 9, 9 becomes 6

For mixed: Process left to right, replace each character

Practice: "AMBULANCE" is written mirrored on real ambulances!

Solved Example: Mirror Image Problem

Q: What is the mirror image of "SCIENCE"?
Method 1: Letter by letter analysis
Step 1: S in mirror
S is not symmetrical vertically
Mirror of S looks like backward S (still S-like but different)
Actually S becomes something like ∫ (integral symbol)
But in reasoning questions, often they show approximate

Step 2: C in mirror
C becomes reversed C (opens to right instead of left)
Like ) but not exactly

Step 3: I in mirror
I is symmetrical → remains I

Step 4: E in mirror
E becomes reversed E (like ヨ in Japanese)
Actually E becomes something like 山 sideways

Step 5: N in mirror
N becomes reversed N (still N but different)
Actually N becomes И (Cyrillic I)

Step 6: Complete word "SCIENCE"
S→ (mirror S), C→ (mirror C), I→I, E→ (mirror E), N→ (mirror N), C→ (mirror C), E→ (mirror E)

Method 2: Using standard patterns
In SSC, they usually provide options with stylized mirror images
Need to recognize pattern:
• Letters with vertical symmetry: A,H,I,M,O,T,U,V,W,X,Y remain same
• Others get laterally inverted
• For SCIENCE: S,C,E,N not symmetrical, I is symmetrical
So mirror would have I same, others changed

Method 3: Practical approach
Imagine holding word in front of mirror
Or write it on paper and hold up to mirror
Actually: S becomes backward S, C becomes ), I stays I,
E becomes ヨ, N becomes И, C becomes ), E becomes ヨ
So mirror image looks like: )IヨИ)ヨ with S at start

For exam: Look at options, eliminate clearly wrong ones
Options will show various mirror versions
Choose one where I is unchanged, others look mirrored

Note: Exact mirror image depends on font/style
In multiple choice, pick best match

6. Water Images

Water Image Reasoning: Objects appear vertically inverted (upside down) in water reflection. Top becomes bottom, bottom becomes top.

Water Image Rules

Understanding Water Reflection

Water creates vertical inversion - top becomes bottom, bottom becomes top. Left and right remain same. Different from mirror images.

1 Water vs Mirror Difference

Mirror Image:
• Lateral inversion (left-right swap)
• Top-bottom unchanged
• Example: b becomes d

Water Image:
• Vertical inversion (top-bottom swap)
• Left-right unchanged
• Example: b becomes p

Key difference:
Mirror: b → d (left-right flip)
Water: b → p (upside down)
Clockwise 90° rotation vs 180° rotation

2 Water Image of Alphabets

Horizontally symmetrical: Remain same
B, C, D, E, H, I, K, O, X (approximately)

Changed in water:
A becomes ∀ (upside down A)
F becomes (upside down)
G becomes (upside down)
J becomes (upside down)
L becomes (upside down)
M becomes W (actually M upside down = W!)
N becomes (upside down)
P becomes (upside down)
Q becomes (upside down)
R becomes (upside down)
S becomes (still S but upside down)
T becomes (upside down)
U becomes ∩ (upside down U)
V becomes Λ (upside down V)
W becomes M (upside down W = M!)
Y becomes (upside down)
Z becomes (upside down, still Z)

Note: M↔W are water images of each other

Solved Example: Water Image Problem

Q: What is the water image of "WATER"?
Method 1: Letter by letter
Step 1: W in water
W upside down becomes M

Step 2: A in water
A upside down becomes ∀ (inverted A)

Step 3: T in water
T upside down is still T (vertically symmetrical)
Actually T upside down is still T ✓

Step 4: E in water
E upside down is still E (horizontally symmetrical)
Actually E has horizontal symmetry, so upside down same

Step 5: R in water
R upside down is not symmetrical
Looks like something

Step 6: Complete word "WATER"
W→M, A→∀, T→T, E→E, R→(inverted R)
So water image looks like "M∀TE" with inverted R

Method 2: Using symmetry
Letters with horizontal symmetry (same when flipped top-bottom):
B, C, D, E, H, I, K, O, X
From WATER: E has horizontal symmetry
T also has horizontal symmetry (T upside down = T)
W becomes M (special case)
A becomes inverted A
R becomes inverted R

For exam: Options will show:
• W changed to M
• A changed to inverted A
• T unchanged
• E unchanged
• R changed to inverted R

Visualization:
Write WATER on paper, turn paper upside down
W becomes M, A becomes ∀, T stays T, E stays E, R becomes something
So answer: M∀TE with last letter inverted R

Final note: Exact representation varies in fonts
Choose option matching this pattern
Character Mirror Image Water Image Key Difference
A A (same) ∀ (inverted) Mirror same, water inverted
B (mirrored) B (same) Water same, mirror changed
C ) (mirrored) C (same) Water same, mirror changed
M M (same) W (inverted) Mirror same, water becomes W
W W (same) M (inverted) Mirror same, water becomes M
3 E (mirrored) ε (inverted) Both change differently
6 (mirrored) 9 (inverted) Water becomes 9
9 (mirrored) 6 (inverted) Water becomes 6

7. SSC Shortcuts & Time Management

Exam Strategy: Clock, calendar, mirror & water image questions can be solved quickly with the right shortcuts.

Time-Saving Techniques

Speed vs Accuracy Balance

In SSC exams, you need to solve these questions in 30-60 seconds each. These techniques help maximize score.

Clock Shortcuts

Angle formula: |30H - 5.5M| = θ
Coincide: M = (60H)/11 past H
Mirror time: 11:60 - given time
Fast calculation: For XX:30, use |30H - 165|

Memorize:
12:00 → 0°
3:00 → 90°
6:00 → 180°
9:00 → 90° (270°)

Calendar Shortcuts

Odd days: 365=1, 366=2, 100y=5
Century anchors: 1900=Tue, 2000=Sun
Month codes: Jan0, Feb3, Mar3, Apr6,...
Day formula: (D+M+C+Y) mod7

Quick: For 15 Aug 1947:
(15+2+0+2) mod7 = 19 mod7 = 5 = Fri

Image Shortcuts

Mirror: Left-right swap
Water: Top-bottom swap
Clock mirror: 11:60 - time
Symmetry letters: A,H,I,M,O,T,U,V,W,X,Y

Remember:
M↔W are water images
b↔d are mirror images
b↔p are water images

Time Management

Clock angles: 30 seconds
Calendar days: 45 seconds
Mirror/water: 30 seconds
Complex problems: 60 seconds max
If stuck: Guess and move on

Total: Allocate 5-8 minutes for all these questions

SSC Shortcut: Common Exam Patterns

Pattern 1: Clock angle at XX:30 or XX:15

Pattern 2: Day of week for Independence Day (15 Aug) or Republic Day (26 Jan)

Pattern 3: Mirror of word with symmetrical letters (like "TOMATO")

Pattern 4: Water image of word with M/W (like "WOMAN")

Pattern 5: Clock showing mirror time, find actual time

Pattern 6: Repeated calendar after N years

Memory tip: Practice each pattern separately before mixed practice

8. Practice Exercises

Hands-on Practice: Apply what you've learned with these SSC-level questions.

Interactive Practice Questions

Practice Approach

Time yourself: 45 seconds per question. Apply the shortcuts systematically.

Practice Question 1: Clock Angle

What is the angle between the hour and minute hands at 3:15?
1. 0°
2. 7.5°
3. 7.5°
4. 15°

Practice Question 2: Mirror Image

What is the mirror image of "169"?
1. 169
2. 691
3.
4. 961

Practice Question 3: Calendar Day

If 1st January 2023 was Sunday, what was 1st January 2024?
1. Sunday
2. Monday
3. Monday
4. Tuesday

SSC Shortcut: Practice Strategy

Daily practice: 5-10 questions daily of each type

Time tracking: Use timer to improve speed

Error analysis: Review mistakes in mirror/water images

Previous papers: Solve last 5 years' SSC questions

Mixed practice: Practice all types randomly

Build speed: Aim to solve each question in 30-45 seconds

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Includes all types: clock angles, calendar days, mirror images, water images, mixed problems

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: How many clock/calendar/mirror questions in SSC CGL?

Answer: Typically 4-8 questions in Tier I. These include clock angles (2-3), calendar days (1-2), mirror/water images (1-3).

Q2: What's the fastest way to calculate clock angles?

Answer: Use formula |30H - 5.5M|. For exact half hours (XX:30), use |30H - 165|. For quarter hours, calculate hour hand movement.

Q3: How to remember mirror vs water images?

Answer: Mirror = left-right swap (like looking in mirror). Water = top-bottom swap (like reflection in water). M becomes W in water, b becomes d in mirror, b becomes p in water.

Q4: What are the symmetrical letters for mirror images?

Answer: A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y remain same in mirror. These have vertical symmetry.

Q5: How to calculate day for any date quickly?

Answer: Use: (Date + Month code + Year code + Century code) mod 7. Memorize month codes and century anchors (1900=Tue=2, 2000=Sun=0).

Q6: Best way to improve speed for these questions?

Answer: Practice with timer, memorize formulas, learn shortcuts, solve previous papers, focus on weak areas (usually mirror/water images).

Final Exam Strategy for Clock/Calendar/Mirror Questions

Time Allocation: Total 5-8 minutes for all these questions.

Priority Order: 1) Clock angles (easiest), 2) Calendar days (medium), 3) Mirror images (visual), 4) Water images (hardest).

Accuracy Check: For clock angles, verify if >180°, subtract from 360°. For mirror images, check symmetrical letters.

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